🧭 Section 5: Practical Frameworks for Building Confidence with AI

AI capability grows over time — through practice, reflection, and curiosity.

Below are two simple frameworks you can use to guide your own learning journey.

🔹 SAIL Framework

(Adapted from MacCallum et al., 2023)

A four-step cycle to support growth:

Step	Focus
S – Seek	Explore and understand AI tools
A – Assess	Consider the risks, ethics, and usefulness
I – Integrate	Try using AI for simple tasks in your teaching
L – Lead	Share insights with others and support your team

📘 Example:

A tutor hears students using ChatGPT. They experiment with it to co-create feedback, then lead a staff kōrero on what worked and what didn’t.

🪶 Kaupapa Māori Lens: SAIL Framework

S – Seek (Rapu)

When exploring new AI tools, ask:

Who created this tool, and whose knowledge is it based on?
Are there culturally responsive alternatives?

A – Assess (Aromātai)

Apply tikanga-based questions:

Does this support or undermine tino rangatiratanga for my learners?
Could this tool perpetuate bias against Māori learners or knowledge?
What are the implications for cultural safety in my classroom?

I – Integrate (Whakauru)

Consider:

How can I model critical engagement rather than blind acceptance?
Am I creating space for learners to question and challenge AI outputs?
Does this integration align with ako (reciprocal learning)?

L – Lead (Ārahi)

Your leadership includes:

Sharing your learning journey as it unfolds
Advocating for culturally responsive AI policies
Supporting colleagues with manaakitanga

Reference

MacCallum, K., Parsons, D., & Mohaghegh, M. (2024). The Scaffolded AI Literacy (SAIL) Framework for Education: Preparing learners at all levels to engage constructively with Artificial Intelligence. He Rourou, 1(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.54474/herourou.v1i1.10835

🔹 CRAFT Framework

(From Danny Liu, University of Sydney)

Use this framework to decide whether and how to introduce AI in your context:

Element	Guiding Question
C – Culture	Does it align with our values and goals?
R – Rules	What are our policies or ground rules?
A – Access	Can all learners use it fairly?
F – Familiarity	Am I confident using it in this context?
T – Trust	Can I justify why we’re using this tool?

📘 Example:

A writing tutor introduces ChatGPT as a revision tool — not to replace thinking, but to support reflection and editing. They set clear rules and invite learner feedback.

🪶 Kaupapa Māori Lens: CRAFT Framework

C – Culture

Consider institutional culture and te ao Māori:

Does this align with our commitment to Te Tiriti?
How does this support (or hinder) kaupapa Māori pedagogy?
What are the implications for mana-enhancing learning?

R – Rules

Ground rules should reflect tikanga:

Have we consulted with all staff and learners,in genuine partnership with Māori?
Do our policies protect culturally significant content?
Are rules explained with manaakitanga (not just compliance)?

A – Access

Equity through a cultural lens:

Do Māori learners have equal access?
Are there barriers related to digital poverty in whānau or communities?
How do we support learners who can’t afford premium AI tools?

F – Familiarity

Confidence includes cultural competence:

Am I familiar enough to spot cultural misrepresentation?
Can I guide learners in te reo Māori contexts?
Do I know when to seek advice from cultural advisors?

T – Trust

Trust is earned through integrity:

Can I explain this decision in a way that honours Te Tiriti?
Would this approach build or erode trust with Māori learners?
Am I prepared to adapt based on community feedback?

Reference

Liu, D., & Bates, S. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Current practices and ways forward. Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU). https://www.apru.org/resources_report/whitepaper-generative-ai-in-higher-education-current-practices-and-ways-forward/

💬 Reflective Prompt

Which framework — SAIL or CRAFT — best fits your current teaching context?
How might a kaupapa Māori lens strengthen the way you apply these frameworks?
What one small, safe experiment could you try this week to model confident, culturally aware AI practice?